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组织、领导传销活动犯罪中的罪数认定/石耀辉

作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-05-19 06:48:19  浏览:8461   来源:法律资料网
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  组织、领导传销活动罪作为一种涉众型经济犯罪,往往会伴随着诈骗、非法拘禁等多种违法犯罪行为,这些行为与组织、领导传销活动行为是什么关系,如何处罚,实践中尚未形成统一认识。笔者认为,组织、领导传销活动罪的罪数认定过程中必须遵循罪刑均衡原则。

一、想象竞合从一重处罚。从刑法第224条之一的规定来看,本罪的处罚对象是组织、领导行为,“骗取财物”是对传销组织特征的描述,从第224条在整个刑法中所处的位置来看,立法者认为本罪侵犯的法益主要是市场经济秩序。然而从现实发生的传销活动来看,组织、领导传销组织与骗取财物实质上是同一行为,还侵犯了公民的财产权利。这一行为可能同时符合诈骗罪、集资诈骗罪等其他罪名的罪状描述,属于一行为触犯数罪,即想象竞合犯。本罪的法定刑最高为15年有期徒刑,而诈骗罪的法定刑最高为无期徒刑,集资诈骗罪的法定刑最高为死刑。如果实施本罪骗取财物数额特别巨大或符合集资诈骗罪等其他犯罪的构成要件时,就应按照诈骗罪或集资诈骗罪等处罚,以实现罪刑均衡。

二、数罪时应谨慎适用牵连犯从一重罪处罚原则。

如果传销过程中发布虚假广告、伪造国家机关公文印章、非法拘禁组织成员等行为达到犯罪的程度,但情节尚不是很严重,按照刑法分则的相应条文处罚较轻,考虑到本罪的法定刑高于侮辱、非法拘禁、故意伤害(轻伤)等罪的法定刑,加上这些行为之间通常具有牵连关系,可依照牵连犯从一重处断,按照本罪定罪量刑即可实现罪刑均衡。

在司法机关查处或取缔传销组织时,组织、领导者或积极参加者实施了煽动传销组织成员抗拒执法,妨碍司法机关抓捕犯罪嫌疑人和解救被害、被骗人员,或者在传销组织被取缔后,煽动传销人员或不明真相的群众冲击国家机关等行为。笔者认为,这种情况下不宜再按牵连犯从一重罪处罚,而应数罪并罚,以实现罪刑均衡。

如果传销过程中对成员实施了故意伤害(致人重伤或死亡)、绑架、强奸等其他严重犯罪行为,或者侮辱致被害人自杀等。即便这些行为与传销活动具有牵连关系,这些行为显然已超出本罪的评价范围,不宜再从一重罪处罚,而应数罪并罚,才能体现罪刑均衡。

(作者单位:安徽省六安市金安区人民检察院)
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关于进一步做好受灾地区就业援助工作的通知

人力资源和社会保障部


关于进一步做好受灾地区就业援助工作的通知

人社部明电[2008]12号


各省、自治区、直辖市人事、劳动和社会保障厅(局):



为贯彻落实中共中央、国务院召开的省区市和中央部门主要负责同志会议精神,按照国务院关于安置受灾群众和恢复重建工作的统一部署,在贯彻我部和财政部就业援助政策的基础上,现就进一步做好受灾地区就业援助有关工作通知如下:



一、加强组织领导,高度重视做好受灾地区就业援助工作



(一)进一步明确做好受灾地区就业援助工作的重要性和紧迫性。汶川特大地震给受灾地区就业和社会保障工作造成了重大冲击。帮助因灾失去工作的劳动者特别是就业困难人员和零就业家庭尽快就业,帮助失去土地的农村劳动者转移就业,事关受灾地区劳动者及其家庭的切身利益,是解决群众生活安置,保障其基本生活的重要措施,是受灾地区恢复重建的重要任务,是维护受灾地区人心稳定、职工队伍稳定、社会和谐稳定的重要保证。各级人事、劳动保障部门要深入学习领会中央精神,进一步增强政治意识、大局意识,增强责任感、使命感,切实把思想和行动统一到中央的决策和部署上来,把做好对受灾地区就业援助工作作为今年就业工作的重要内容,切实抓紧抓好。



(二)切实加强对受灾地区就业援助工作的组织领导。各地特别是支援方和受援方的劳动保障部门一把手要亲自抓,组成专门班子,认真研究制定就业援助工作的计划方案和部署安排,确定专人,抓好落实。要主动向当地政府领导汇报就业援助工作,把它摆上当地政府和就业工作联席会议的重要日程,纳入今年就业工作的目标责任,细化完善指标体系,开展考核评估。



(三)认真细致地做好对口支援。各级人事、劳动保障部门要根据恢复重建对口支援方案的统一要求,把就业援助作为对口支援的重要内容,明确将劳务输出对接、技工学校培训援助、就业服务机构和社会保险经办机构重建等内容纳入对口支援方案,调动人力、物力、财力、智力等多种力量,精心组织,统筹安排,有序开展。



二、有组织开展劳务输出,鼓励非受灾地区企业到受灾地区招工



(四)建立对口工作联系。北京、天津、上海、广东、江苏、浙江、山东、福建等省市及所辖地区,作为承担劳务对接的主要输入地,要按照对口支援的总体安排,及时与受援省及所辖对口受援地、市、州建立工作联系机制,重点支持受援市、州有组织的劳务输出。同时,根据本地岗位需求情况,在受援省劳动保障部门的协调下,积极为其他受援地区劳务输出提供支持。其他支援省也可根据本省实际劳务需求,与对口支援地开展劳务对接。



(五)精心组织岗位对接。支援省劳动保障部门要收集一批适合受灾劳动者就业的岗位信息并进行筛选整理,受援省及所辖对口受援地、市、州、县劳动保障部门要通过多种渠道及时发布招聘信息。支援省和受援省劳动保障部门要密切配合,积极协调,通过灵活多样的招聘方式,为企业招用人员提供帮助。可采取用人单位委托招聘、组织用人单位现场招聘、专场集中招聘和基层分散招聘等方式,也可在受灾群众安置点开展巡回服务和上门服务,还可运用远程视频面试系统进行招聘。在求职招聘的过程中,要及时落实职业介绍补贴政策。



(六)有序组织劳务输出。对已确定招聘的人员,支援省和受援省劳动保障部门要及时联系用人单位,共同商定交通运输方案,指导做好对应聘劳动者的接送工作,保证将每一名受灾地区劳动者安全、免费送到用人单位。支援省劳动保障部门还要指导企业与新招用的受灾地区劳动者依法签订劳动合同,维护劳动者的合法权益。



(七)及时提供职业培训。对确定应聘的受灾地区劳动者,支援省劳动保障部门要组织培训机构和企业通过灵活多样的方式,提供及时有效的职业培训,帮助劳动者尽快适应岗位需要,并按规定给予职业培训补贴。



三、结合抗震救灾和生产自救,积极组织开发就业岗位



(八)大力开发公益性岗位。受灾地区劳动保障部门要会同有关部门大力开发废墟清理、伤员看护、治安维护、卫生防疫、物资运输、临时居所建设等公益性就业岗位。要结合当地经济社会发展的需要,继续开发保洁、绿化、社区服务等社区公益性就业岗位。要协调有关部门和援建单位,在公益性岗位上积极吸纳受灾地区劳动者就业,并按规定给予社会保险补贴和岗位补贴。



(九)强化公共就业服务,援助就业困难人员就业。受灾地区公共就业服务机构要依托街道、乡镇和社区劳动保障工作平台,及时将政府确定的就业困难人员和零就业家庭纳入援助范围,有针对性地开展职业指导、职业介绍等就业服务,帮扶就业困难人员尽快就业,并优先保证受灾地区零就业家庭至少一人就业。对就业困难人员在公益性岗位实现就业的,按规定给予岗位补贴和社会保险补贴;对从事灵活就业和被企业吸纳的,按规定给予社会保险补贴。



四、结合恢复重建,鼓励企业稳定和扩大就业,鼓励劳动者自谋职业、自主创业



(十)把就业工作纳入恢复重建规划。受灾地区劳动保障部门要积极参与恢复重建计划的制定,努力将解决受灾地区劳动者就业问题纳入规划统筹考虑,通盘解决。鼓励灾区恢复重建企业和其它地区援建单位在恢复重建中,优先吸纳受灾地区劳动者就业。要指导企业依法规范与职工的劳动关系,维护职工的劳动报酬、社会保险等权益。



(十一)鼓励企业稳定职工队伍。受灾地区劳动保障部门要指导受灾企业在恢复重建期间尽最大努力稳定原有职工队伍,积极组织引导企业职工参加以工代赈和生产自救活动。对受灾地区企业招用符合条件劳动者的,要按规定落实定额减免税优惠、社会保险补贴、小额担保贷款及贴息政策。受灾地区的劳动保障、人事部门要会同财政、民政等有关部门,落实各项生活补贴,妥善解决企业职工的基本生活保障问题,确保职工队伍的稳定。



(十二)鼓励受灾地区劳动者自谋职业、自主创业。受灾地区劳动保障部门要加强信息引导,开展创业培训,完善创业服务,鼓励受灾劳动者自谋职业、自主创业并带动更多人就业。要协调有关部门,推行联合审批、一站式服务、限时办结和承诺服务,有针对性地解决资金、场地等问题,帮助因灾中断营业的个体工商户尽快恢复生产经营。对各类符合条件的劳动者,相应提供创业培训补贴、税费减免、场地安排、小额担保贷款及贴息等就业扶持政策。



五、切实做好受灾地区高校毕业生就业工作,进一步落实技校培训援助计划



(十三)做好应届高校毕业生的就业帮扶。各省级人事、劳动保障部门要对在本省高校就读的受灾地区应届毕业生就业给予重点关注。准确统计未就业受灾地区毕业生的数量、专业、求职意向等信息,开辟就业绿色通道,进行重点推荐,实施重点帮扶,优先落实免费就业服务政策,优先安排就业见习活动,确保有就业愿望的受灾地区毕业生都能尽快落实工作岗位。各级机关考录公务员、事业单位招聘工作人员时,在同等条件下优先录(聘)用受灾地区毕业生,并免收报名费和体检费。街道社区聘用劳动保障协理员要积极吸纳受灾地区毕业生。



(十四)做好受灾地区服务期满的“三支一扶”大学生的就业工作。各受灾地区人事、劳动保障部门要结合实际情况,拓宽就业渠道,抓紧做好受灾地区“三支一扶”大学生就业服务工作的统筹安排。受灾地区党政机关考录公务员和事业单位招聘工作人员时,对经受抗震救灾考验表现突出的“三支一扶”大学生,在同等条件下,要优先招录(聘)。



(十五)继续做好受灾地区技校培训援助工作。接收四川受灾地区技校学生就读省市的劳动保障部门要积极协调有关部门,落实学生助学金政策,并积极争取其它政策性补贴。要指导接收学校将学生安置工作做细、做实、做到位,按照“学习、生活、安全”三落实的原则,安排好学生的学习和生活,确保学生顺利完成学业,并积极帮助实现就业。要加强心理辅导,安排好受灾地区学生暑期文化补习、社会考察、勤工俭学等活动。



六、精心组织实施,做好舆论宣传工作



(十六)认真做好基础工作。受灾地区人事、劳动保障部门要把受灾地区的公共就业服务场所、人才服务场所、社保经办场所、基层工作平台、技工学校等公共服务设施建设列入恢复重建的总体规划,重点抓好基层平台建设,使其在恢复重建中尽快发挥应有的作用。要认真做好调查摸底,尽快确定就业困难人员认定标准,做好对符合条件的失业人员、就业困难人员、零就业家庭的登记、发证和管理工作。在就业援助工作中,要根据国务院支持灾后恢复重建政策措施的安排,结合本地实际,协同财政部门落实好各项补贴政策;协同金融机构落实好金融信贷政策;协同税务机关根据税收优惠政策的调整和扩展,依据现行操作办法,及时核发企业吸纳失业人员等相关证明,落实好税收减免政策。



(十七)积极预防和调控失业。各地要加强对就业形势特别是地震对就业影响的对策研究,对因地震引发的失业和岗位流失情况进行跟踪监测。对短期内失业人员激增,登记失业率攀升等情况,要及时向当地政府报告,提出措施建议,做好失业调控工作。受灾地区劳动保障部门要采取有效措施,积极预防和避免因灾规模性裁员行为的发生。要加强与受灾企业的联系,对确需大规模裁员的,要求其事先向当地政府报告。对符合条件的失业人员,要按时足额发放失业保险金,确保其基本生活。对生活困难的人员,协助民政部门按照有关规定纳入城镇居民最低生活保障范围。



(十八)加强宣传引导。各级人事、劳动保障部门特别是受灾地区人事、劳动保障部门要通过各种宣传媒介,运用多种方式,积极宣传党和政府关于鼓励支持受灾地区劳动者就业的方针政策。要在抗震救灾和恢复重建过程中,树立一批自谋职业、自主创业的先进劳动者,树立一批克服困难,积极重建,稳定和扩大就业的先进企业,树立一批无私奉献、忘我工作的人事和劳动保障先进集体和先进个人,鼓励广大受灾群众振奋精神,坚定信心,自强自立,通过多种渠道,尽快实现就业。



各地要按照本通知要求,抓好工作落实,并将就业援助工作的进展情况和出现的问题及时上报我部。



人力资源和社会保障部

二〇〇八年六月二十日

国务院关于鼓励外商投资的规定(附英文)

国务院


国务院关于鼓励外商投资的规定(附英文)

1986年10月11日,国务院

第一条 为了改善投资环境,更好地吸收外商投资,引进先进技术,提高产品质量,扩大出口创汇,发展国民经济,特制定本规定。
第二条 国家鼓励外国的公司、企业和其他经济组织或者个人(以下简称外国投资者),在中国境内举办中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业和外资企业(以下简称外商投资企业)。国家对下列外商投资企业给予特别优惠:一、产品主要用于出口,年度外汇总收入额减除年度生产经营外汇支出额和外国投资者汇出分得利润所需外汇额以后,外汇有结余的生产型企业(以下简称产品出口企业);二、外国投资者提供先进技术,从事新产品开发,实现产品升级换代,以增加出口创汇或者替代进口的生产型企业(以下简称先进技术企业)。
第三条 产品出口企业和先进技术企业,除按照国家规定支付或者提取中方职工劳动保险、福利费用和住房补助基金外,免缴国家对职工的各项补贴。
第四条 产品出口企业和先进技术企业的场地使用费,除大城市市区繁华地段外,按下列标准计收:一、开发费和使用费综合计收的地区,为每年每平方米五元至二十元;二、开发费一次性计收或者上述企业自行开发场地的地区,使用费最高为每年每平方米三元。前款规定的费用,地方人民政府可以酌情在一定期限内免收。
第五条 对产品出口企业和先进技术企业优先提供生产经营所需的水、电、运输条件和通信设施,按照当地国营企业收费标准计收费用。
第六条 产品出口企业和先进技术企业在生产和流通过程中需要借贷的短期周转资金,以及其他必需的信贷资金,经中国银行审核后,优先贷放。
第七条 产品出口企业和先进技术企业的外国投资者,将其从企业分得的利润汇出境外时,免缴汇出额的所得税。
第八条 产品出口企业按照国家规定减免企业所得税期满后,凡当年企业出口产品产值达到当年企业产品值70%以上的,可以按照现行税率减半缴纳企业所得税。经济特区和经济技术开发区的以及其他已经按15%的税率缴纳企业所得税的产品出口企业,符合前款条件的,减按10%的税率缴纳企业所得税。
第九条 先进技术企业按照国家规定减免企业所得税期满后,可以延长三年减半缴纳企业所得税。
第十条 外国投资者将其从企业分得的利润,在中国境内再投资举办、扩建产品出口企业或者先进技术企业,经营期不少于五年的,经申请税务机关核准,全部退还其再投资部分已缴纳的企业所得税税款。经营期不足五年撤出该项投资的,应当缴回已退的企业所得税税款。
第十一条 对外商投资企业的出口产品,除原油、成品油和国家另有规定的产品外,免征工商统一税。
第十二条 外商投资企业可以自行组织其产品出口,也可以按照国家规定委托代理出口。属于需要申领出口许可证的产品,按照企业年度出口计划,每半年申领一次许可证。
第十三条 外商投资企业为履行其产品出口合同,需要进口(包括国家限制进口)的机械设备、生产用的车辆、原材料、燃料、散件、零部件、元器件、配套件,不再报请审批,免领进口许可证,由海关实行监管,凭企业合同或者进出口合同验放。前款所述进口料、件,只限于本企业自用,不得在国内市场出售;如用于内销产品,应当按照规定补办进口手续,并照章补税。
第十四条 外商投资企业之间,在外汇管理部门监管下,可以相互调剂外汇余缺。中国银行以及经中国人民银行指定的其他银行,可以对外商投资企业开办现汇抵押业务,贷放人民币资金。
第十五条 各级人民政府和有关主管部门应当保障外商投资企业的自主权,支持外商投资企业按照国际上先进的科学方法管理企业。外商投资企业有权在批准的合同范围内,自行制定生产经营计划,筹措、运用资金,采购生产资料,销售产品;自行确定工资标准、工资形式和奖励、津贴制度。外商投资企业可以根据生产经营需要,自行确定其机构设置和人员编制,聘用或者辞退高级经营管理人员,增加或者辞退职工;可以在当地招聘和招收技术人员、管理人员和工人,被录用人员所在单位应当给予支持,允许流动;对违反规章制度,造成一定后果的职工,可以根据情节轻重,给予不同处分,直至开除。外商投资企业招聘、招收、辞退或者开除职工,应当向当地劳动人事部门备案。
第十六条 各地区、各部门必须执行《国务院关于坚决制止向企业乱摊派的通知》,由省级人民政府制定具体办法,加强监督管理。外商投资企业遇有不合理收费的情况可以拒交;也可以向当地经济委员会直到国家经济委员会申诉。
第十七条 各级人民政府和有关主管部门,应当加强协调工作,提高办事效率,及时审批外商投资企业申报的需要批复和解决的事宜。由国务院主管部门审批的外商投资企业的协议、合同、章程,审批机关必须在收到全部文件之日起三个月以内决定批准或者不批准。
第十八条 本规定所指产品出口企业和先进技术企业,由该企业所在地的对外经济贸易部门会同有关部门根据企业合同确认,并出具证明。产品出口企业的年度出口实绩,如果未能实现企业合同规定的外汇平衡有结余的目标,应当在下一年度内补缴上一年度已经减免的税、费。
第十九条 本规定除明确规定适用于产品出口企业或者先进技术企业的条款外,其他条款适用于所有外商投资企业。本规定施行之日前获准举办的外商投资企业,凡符合本规定的优惠条件的,自施行之日起适用本规定。
第二十条 香港、澳门、台湾的公司、企业和其他经济组织或者个人投资举办的企业,参照本规定执行。
第二十一条 本规定由对外经济贸易部负责解释。
第二十二条 本规定自发布之日起施行。

PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF FOREIGNINVESTMENT

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF FOREIGN
INVESTMENT
(Promulgated on October 11, 1986)
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated in order to improve the investment
environment, facilitate the absorption of foreign investment, introduce
advanced technology, upgrade product quality, expand exports in order to
generate foreign exchange and develop the national economy.
Article 2
The State encourages foreign companies, enterprises and other economic
organizations or individuals (hereinafter referred to as "foreign
investors") to establish Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures, Chinese-
foreign contractual joint ventures and foreign capital enterprises
(hereinafter referred to as "enterprises with foreign investment") within
the territory of China.
The State grants special preferences to the enterprises with foreign
investment listed below:
(1) Production enterprises whose products are mainly for export, which
have a foreign exchange surplus after deducting from their total annual
foreign exchange revenues the annual foreign exchange expenditures
incurred in production and operation and the foreign exchange needed for
the remittance abroad of the profits earned by foreign investors
(hereinafter referred to as "product-for-export enterprises").
(2) Production enterprises possessing advanced technology supplied by
foreign investors which are engaged in developing new products, and
upgrading and replacing products in order to increase foreign exchange
generated by exports or for import substitution (hereinafter referred to
as "technologically advanced enterprises").
Article 3
Product-for-export enterprises and technologically advanced enterprises
shall be exempt from payment of all subsidies to be granted by the State
to staff and workers, except for the payment of or allocation of funds for
labour insurance, welfare costs and housing subsidies for Chinese staff
and workers in accordance with the provisions of the state.
Article 4
The site use fees for product-for-export enterprises and technologically
advanced enterprises, except for those located in busy urban sectors of
large cities, shall be computed and charged according to the following
standards:
(1) five to twenty RMB yuan per square metre per year in areas where the
development fee and the site use fee are computed and charged together;
(2) not more than three RMB yuan per square metre per year in site areas
where the development fee is computed and charged on a one-time basis or
areas which are developed by the above-mentioned enterprises themselves.
Exemptions for specified periods of time from the fees provided in the
foregoing provision may be granted at the discretion of local people's
governments.
Article 5
Product-for-export enterprises and technologically advanced enterprises
shall be given priority in obtaining water, electricity and transportation
services, and communication facilities needed for their production and
operation. Fees shall be computed and charged in accordance with the
standards for local state enterprises.
Article 6
Product-for-export enterprises and technologically advanced enterprises,
after examination by the Bank of China, shall be given priority in
receiving loans for short term revolving funds needed for production and
distribution, as well as for other needed credit.
Article 7
When foreign investors in product-for-export enterprises and
technologically advanced enterprises remit abroad profits realized by them
from such enterprises, the amount remitted shall be exempt from income
tax.
Article 8
After the expiration of the period for the reduction or exemption of
enterprise income tax in accordance with the provisions of the state,
product-for-export enterprises whose value of export products in that year
amounts to 70 per cent or more of the value of their products for that
year, may pay enterprise income tax at a rate reduced by one half of the
current tax rate.
Product-for-export enterprises in the special economic zones and in the
economic and technological development zones and other product-for-export
enterprises that already pay enterprise income tax at a tax rate of 15 per
cent and that comply with the foregoing conditions, may pay enterprise
income tax at a reduced rate of 10 per cent.
Article 9
After the expiration of the period of reduction or exemption of enterprise
income tax in accordance with the provisions of the state, technologically
advanced enterprises may extend for three years the payment of enterprise
income tax at a rate reduced by one half.
Article 10
Foreign investors who reinvest their shares of profits from their
enterprises in order to establish or expand product-for-export enterprises
or technologically advanced enterprises for a period of operation of not
less than five years, after application to and approval by the tax
authorities, shall be refunded the total amount of enterprise income tax
already paid on the reinvested portion. If the investment is withdrawn
before the period of operation reaches five years, the amount of
enterprise income tax refunded shall be repaid.
Article 11
Export products of enterprises with foreign investment, except crude oil,
finished oil and other products subject to special state provisions, shall
be exempt from the consolidated industrial and commercial tax.
Article 12
Enterprises with foreign investment may arrange the export of their
products directly or may also export by consignment to agents in
accordance with state provisions. For products that require an export
license, in accordance with the annual export plan of the enterprises, an
application for export licenses shall be made every six months.
Article 13
Machinery and equipment, vehicles used in production, raw materials, fuel,
bulk parts, spare parts, machine component parts and fittings (including
imports restricted by the state), which enterprises with foreign
investment need to import in order to carry out their export contracts do
not require further applications for examination and approval and are
exempt from the requirement for import licenses. The Customs shall
exercise supervision and control, and shall inspect and release such
imports on the basis of the enterprise contracts or the import-export
contracts.
The imported materials and items mentioned above are restricted to use by
the enterprise itself and may not be sold on the home market. If they are
used as products to be sold on the domestic market, import procedures
shall be gone through in accordance with relevant provisions and duties
shall be paid according to relevant regulations.
Article 14
Under the supervision of the foreign exchange control departments,
enterprises with foreign investment may mutually adjust their foreign
exchange surpluses and deficiencies among themselves.
The Bank of China and other banks designated by the People's Bank of China
may provide cash security services and may grant loans in Renminbi to
enterprises with foreign investment.
Article 15 [*1]
The people's governments at various levels and relevant departments in
charge shall guarantee the right of autonomy of enterprises with foreign
investment and shall support enterprises with foreign investment in
managing themselves in accordance with internationally advanced scientific
methods.
Within the scope of their approved contracts, enterprises with foreign
investment have the right to draw up, of their own accord, production and
operation plans, to raise funds, to use funds, to purchase production
materials and to sell products; and to determine by themselves the wage
levels, the forms of wages and the bonus and allowance system. Enterprises
with foreign investment may, in accordance with their production and
operation requirements, determine by themselves their organizational
structure and personnel system, employ or dismiss senior management
personnel, increase or dismiss staff and workers. They may recruit and
employ technical personnel, managerial personnel and workers in their
locality. The units to which such employed personnel belong should back
the employment and permit the transfer. Staff and workers who violate the
rules and regulations, and thereby cause certain bad consequences may, in
accordance with the seriousness of the case, be given varying sanctions,
up to that of discharge. Enterprises with foreign investment that
recruit, employ, dismiss or discharge staff and workers, shall file a
report with the local labour and personnel department for the record.
Article 16
All regions and departments must implement the "Circular of the State
Council Concerning Firmly Curbing the Indiscriminate Levy of Charges on
Enterprises". The people's governments at the provincial level shall
formulate specific measures and strengthen supervision and administration
in this regard.
Enterprises with foreign investment may refuse to pay indiscriminately
apportioned charges if such cases occur and may also appeal to the local
economic committees up to the State Economic Commission.
Article 17
The people's governments at various levels and relevant departments in
charge shall strengthen the co-ordination of their work, improve
efficiency in handling matters and shall promptly examine and approve
matters reported by enterprises with foreign investment that require
response and resolution. For the agreements, contracts and articles of
association of enterprises with foreign investment to be examined and
approved by the departments in charge under the State Council, the
relevant examination and approval authorities must, within three months
from the date of receipt of all documents, decide to approve or not to
approve them.
Article 18
Product-for-export enterprises and technologically advanced enterprises
mentioned in these Provisions shall be confirmed as such by the foreign
economic relations and trade departments where such enterprises are
located in conjunction with the other relevant departments in accordance
with the enterprise contract, and certificates of confirmation shall be
issued.
If the actual results of the annual exports of a product-for-export
enterprise are unable to hit the target of a surplus in the foreign
exchange balance as set in the enterprise contract, the taxes and fees
which have already been reduced or exempted in the previous year shall be
paid in the following year.
Article 19
These Provisions, except for those articles that are specifically
applicable to product-for-export enterprises, shall be applicable to all
enterprises with foreign investment. These Provisions apply, from the
date of entry into effect, to those enterprises with foreign investment
that obtained approval for establishment before the date of entry into
effect of these Provisions and that qualify for the preferential terms of
these Provisions.
Article 20
For enterprises established with investment by companies, enterprises and
other economic organization or individuals from Hong Kong, Macao, or
Taiwan, matters shall be handled by reference to these Provisions.
Article 21
The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade shall be responsible
for interpreting these Provisions.
Article 22
These Provisions shall enter into effect as of the date of promulgation.
Note:
[*1] New provisions have been formulated with regard to this Article which
shall thus be implemented in accordance with the provisions in Opinions
Concerning Further Confirming the Autonomy of Enterprises with Foreign
Investment in the Employment of Their Personnel, formulated by the
Ministry of Labour and Personnel and transmitted by the General Office of
the State Council. - The Editor